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= Final essay(Hayam) = =** The assessment for learning movement argues that formative assessment can help teachers to understand what learners need to do next in order to develop their knowledge,skills and abilities.It provides the data which the teachers need to make instructional decisions.More important it allows teachers to give the kind of quality feedback that is necessary for learners to understand where they are now,and where they want to be in the future.Assessment for learning is therefore concerned with change.One of the founding documents bout ssessment for learning movement was written by Black and Wiliam in 1998 ,entiteled inside the black box. Black and Wiliam argue that: :"//the term assessment refers to all those activities undertaken by teachers,and by their students in assessing// //themselves,which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged . Such assessment becomes "formative assessment" when the evidence is actually used to adapt the teaching work to meet the need . // ** **Teachers in this stage are thinking about their work differently.** = = **First, they assess or get to know the literacy needs and interests of each student in their classroom.** **Then, they reflect on and interpret the information.****Next, they plan lessons based on the needs and interests of the students.** **Finally, they teach according to the students’ needs and interests.****This is called assessment for learning. It means that teachers are continually noting the changing literacy needs of their students and then acting** = = =